The country rose six places compared with 2024, reflecting steady progress in political, economic and institutional consolidation.

Since the early 1990s, Albania has undertaken deep reforms transforming society and the state. The opening of EU accession negotiations in March 2020 marked a key milestone in the country’s European agenda, the report said.

Albania also stands out as an example of religious tolerance and coexistence, a rare regional value that contributes to social and political stability.

Economic indicators show notable improvement: GDP growth rose from 2.1% in 2019 to 3.9% in 2024, while public debt fell from 74.1% of GDP in 2021 to 54.7% in 2024, indicating stronger fiscal management and positive development prospects.

In law enforcement and international cooperation, Albania has strengthened partnerships, including with Eurojust, where it is one of 11 non-EU countries with a liaison prosecutor.

Democratic processes have also improved, with the May 2023 local elections assessed as well-managed and the May 2025 parliamentary elections deemed competitive and professionally administered.

The report also noted Albania’s alignment with EU foreign and security policy, including positions and sanctions against Russia, highlighting its role as a reliable and responsible partner. As the largest recipient of EU financial assistance in the region, Albania is using support to strengthen institutions, the economy and rule of law.

While presenting a clear European vision and significant development potential, the index highlighted ongoing economic and democratic challenges. Political polarisation poses the greatest risk, followed by economic crises, cybersecurity threats and climate change.

The Normandy Index, first presented at the Global Peace Forum in Normandy in 2019, measures global threats to peace and democracy, focusing on political stability, security, democratic governance and internal and external risks.

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